Valvular Heart Disease

Valvular Heart Disease – Expert Care by Dr. S.K. Tripathi, D.M. Cardiology

Valvular Heart Disease refers to any condition that affects one or more of the heart’s valves. The heart has four valves – mitral, aortic, tricuspid, and pulmonary – which control the blood flow through the heart’s chambers. When these valves do not open or close properly, it can affect blood circulation and lead to serious heart problems.

This condition can be caused by various factors such as aging, infections, rheumatic fever, congenital defects, or other heart-related diseases. It may develop gradually over time or suddenly due to an underlying health issue.

Types of Valvular Heart Disease

1. Stenosis – narrowing of the valve, which restricts blood flow

2. Regurgitation (or insufficiency) – leaking of the valve, causing blood to flow backward

3.Prolapse – improper closure of the valve, often affecting the mitral valve

Each type can lead to symptoms such as breathlessness, fatigue, chest pain, swelling, and irregular heartbeat.

Causes and Risk Factors

1. Age-related wear and tear of the valves

2. Rheumatic heart disease caused by untreated strep infections

3. Congenital valve defects present at birth

4. Infections like infective endocarditis

5. Heart attacks or heart failure that damage the valves

Symptoms of Valvular Heart Disease

Some individuals may not experience symptoms in the early stages. However, as the condition progresses, common symptoms include:

1. Shortness of breath, especially during exertion

2. Chest pain or discomfort

3. Fatigue and weakness

4. Swelling in the legs, ankles, or abdomen

5. Palpitations or irregular heartbeat

Diagnosis and Treatment

1. Medications to control symptoms like high blood pressure or fluid retention

2. Lifestyle modifications to improve heart health

3. Surgical repair or replacement of damaged valves

4. Minimally invasive procedures like catheter-based interventions